Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta and come with a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee can be affected by the conditions under the conditions it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually originates from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats became energy-rich after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes, and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical source of their arabica beans by focusing on fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that are suitable for various methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cheaper crop to cultivate.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make unroasted coffee beans wholesale blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's likely that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to choose a high-quality bean from a source you trust. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often blended with other coffee bean varieties to provide an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and can withstand humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. You can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was once classified as a distinct species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20-30 foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both tart and fruity which has made them a sought-after option in blends made by home. They are also less pronounced in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still possess a unique taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee beans types production. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark roast coffee beans, mysterious taste. They are frequently used to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee in the world and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

After learning about the four most popular types and their characteristics, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica or a blend comprised of robusta and arabica beans.